Date: Sun, 1 Aug 2004 17:20:15 -0700 (PDT)
From: andrew robinson <ldxar1-AT-yahoo.com>
Subject: AUT: geopolitics article part 4 - conclusion and footnotes


Conclusion:  a proliferation of rhizomes
The conflicts of the present epoch therefore come down to one crucial issue:  the collision of rhizomatic forms of political activity with political structures which are based on closure, identity and fixity.  This struggle is at stake in the anti-war movement, in resistance to global capitalism, in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and in conflicts around the spread, use and control of new technologies such as the Internet.  It is the conflict between the two social forms which will determine whether the world system is able to survive contemporary events, or whether the vice-grip of this global system of arborescent control can finally be broken.
1 See for instance David Hecht and Maliqalim Simone, Invisible Governance: The Art of African Micropolitics (New York: Autonomedia, 1994); Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragments (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
2 Slavoj Žižek, ‘Identity and its Vicissitudes’, The Making of Political Identities, ed. Ernesto Laclau (London: Verso 1994), p. 69.
3 Slavoj Žižek, ‘Afterword and Lenin’s Choice’, in Revolution at the Gates: Selected Writings of Lenin from 1917, Slavoj Žižek and V.I. Lenin (London: Verso 2002), 235.
4 Phillip Bobbitt, ‘Get Ready for the Next Long War’, Time Magazine, September 9th 2002, 74-5.
5 George P. Landow, Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997); John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, Swarming and the Future of Conflict (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2000).
6 Evan Watkins, Everyday Exchanegs: Marketwork and Capitalist Common Sense (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998).
7 Bobbitt, ‘Get Ready’, 74-5.
8 John Burton, Violence Explained: The sources of conflict, violence and crime and their prevention (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997).
9 Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Brian Massumi (London: Continuum 1988), 467.
10 Félix Guattari, ‘The Micropolitics of Fascism, in Molecular Revolution, trans. Rosemary Sheed (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1984), 218-229.
11 This subheading is a reference to Michael Moore, Dude, Where’s my Country? (Harmondsworth: Penguin 2003), 96: ‘They call it a “war on terror”.  How exactly do you conduct a war on a noun?’
12 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 37.
13 http://www.midnightnotes.org/pamphlet_sept11enemies.html
14 Jean Baudrillard, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, trans. Paul Patton and Paul Foss (Sydney: Power Publications 1995), 177.
15 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 421.
16 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 467.
17 http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2004/07/hoffman.htm
18  Donald L. Horowitz, ‘Introduction’, in Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Democracy, eds. Larry Diamond and Marc Plattner (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1994), xviii.
19 Vivienne Jabri, Discourses on Violence: Conflict Analysis Reconsidered (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996).  c.f. the essays in Seyla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), and also David Campbell, ‘Violence, Justice and Identity in the Bosnian Conflict’, in Sovereignty and Subjectivity, ed. Jenny Edkins, Nalini Persram and Véronique Pin-Fat (Boulder: Lynne Piener, 1999), 21-37.
20 Ali Khan, The Extinction of Nation States: A world without borders (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996), 118.
21 Graeme Chesters, Shape Shifting: Civil Society, Complexity and Social Movements, http://www.shiftingground.freeuk.com/shapeshifting.htm (originally published in Anarchist Studies 11:1, 42-65); Graeme Chesters and Ian Welsh, Complexity and Social Movements: Protest at the Edge of Chaos (New York: Routledge, forthcoming 2005); Graeme Chesters and Ian Welsh, The Rebel Colours of 526: Social Movement Framework during the Prague IMF/WB Protests (Cardiff: Cardiff University School of Social Science Working Paper, 2001).
22 Source: Reporters without Borders.
23 Committee to Protect Journalists in a letter to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, 8/9/03
24 The Independent, 9th March 2003.
25 Internal memo leaked to the All Your TV website, 25/2/03.
26 William Bloom, Personal Identity, National Identity and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 80.
27 Bloom, Personal Identity, 88.

		
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