From: "Peter King" <king.p-AT-fc.org.nz> Subject: RE: [BOU:] On Sewell's Critique of Bourdieu in "A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation" Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 11:57:38 +1200 It is my understanding that Bourdieu represents social transformation as a transformation of practices, and this is dependent upon the actions of those who are in "direct or indirect possession of a discourse capable of securing symbolic mastery of the practically mastered principles of the class habitus." (Outline, page 83). So although the dispositions constituting the habitus are acquired and applied without any or much thought being given to them (practically mastered), they are able to be identified, analysed and understood by those, or we, who hold them (rendered conscious). (In the same way that outsider anthropologists/sociologists learn "the rules of the games" which they have not acquired during their own socialisation(s)) It is this conscious knowledge (also class consciousness) that enables agents to understand and resist the dominant discourses which underlie the ongoing social transformation (transformation of practices) associated with globalised capitalism. The key to any counter-transformation of practices must be a critical mass of critical practical symbolic mastery (command might be a better term) by agents of their own habitus and the associated dispositions. Cheers, Peter Dr Peter King Senior Researcher Social Policy Research Unit The Family Centre P.O. Box 31 050 Lower Hutt NEW ZEALAND Phone: 64 4 569 7112 Fax: 64 4 569 7323 Email: king.p-AT-fc.org.nz -----Original Message----- From: owner-bourdieu-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu [mailto:owner-bourdieu-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu] On Behalf Of Bryan Atinsky Sent: Tuesday, July 01, 2003 1:37 AM To: bourdieu-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu Subject: [BOU:] On Sewell's Critique of Bourdieu in "A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation" I have a question about the place of 'agency' in Bourdieu's works, and especially in regard to the critique of Bourdieu in Sewell, William H. Jr. 1992 A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation. American Journal of Sociology 98(1):1-29. I am no expert on Bourdieu, but after having done a pretty thorough reading of "The Logic of Practice", "Distinction", a partial reading of "Homo Academicus", "Practical Reason", plus other works and articles, including his interview with Terry Eagleton in Zizek's "Mapping Ideology" called "Doxa and the Common Life," though I find so much of Bourdieu's work indespensible to undertstanding the processes, structures and 'generative schemes' that create social spaces, spatiality and temporality, identity, class, etc., I also find his work frustrating in its lack of a place for agency internal to the habitus, capital, field equation. When I recently read Sewell's article (from 1992), I couldn't help but agree with his critique of Bourdieu in this regard. For instance: "Bourdieu's habitus retains percisely the agent-proof quality that the concept of the duality of structure is supposed to overcome. In Bourdieu's habitus, schemas and resources so powerfully reproduce one another that even the most cunning or improvisational actions undertaken by agents necessarily reproduce the structure....Although Bourdieu avoids either a traditional French structuralist ideal determinism or a traditional Marxist material determinism, he does so only by erecting a combined determinism that makes significant social transformations seem impossible. But is this powerful implication of stasis really warranted? After all, the Kabyle society in which Bourdieu carried out his fieldwork produced a momentous anticolonial revolution shortly after Bourdieu returned to France to analyze his data." (Sewell: 1992; 15) In the interview with Terry Eagleton: "Even in the most economistic traditioni that we know, namely Marxism, I think the capacity for resistance, as a capacity of consciousness, was overestimated. I fear that what I have to say is shockingfor the self-confidence of intellectuals, especially for the more generous, left-wing intellectuals. I am seen as pessimistic, as discouraging the people, and so on. But I think it is better to know the truth; and the fact is that when we see with our own eyes people living in poor conditions...it is clear that they are prepared to accept much more than we would have believed...It doesn't mean that the dominated individuals tolerate everything; but they assent to much more than we believe and much more than they know. It is a formidable mechanism, like the imperial system -- a wonderful instrument of ideology, much bigger and more powerful than television or propaganda. That is the main experience I want to convey. What you say about the capacity for dissent is very important; this indeed exists, but not where we look for it -- it takes another form." (Bourdieu in Zizek: 1994; 268-269). Now, I think what he says here is important and needs to be taken into consideration, and he does allude to the capacity for dissent, but it seems to me that the answer is always external to his statements. It always remains a generalized and elusive notion in his works (as far as I have seen). So what I want is for you to tell me that I am wrong. Bourdieu's approach/theory is such a great tool, I would hope to be able to use it also for an understanding of the ways in which agency functions as a transformative element in the complex of social practices. Thank you, Bryan ********************************************************************** Contributions: bourdieu-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu Commands: majordomo-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu Requests: bourdieu-approval-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu ********************************************************************** Contributions: bourdieu-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu Commands: majordomo-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu Requests: bourdieu-approval-AT-lists.village.virginia.edu
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