From: Dieter Dambiec <d.dambiec-AT-student.canberra.edu.au>
Subject: RE: M-TH: Re: G.A. Cohen Interview in Philosophers' Web Magazine
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 23:20:32 +1000



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-----Original Message-----
From:	Rakesh Bhandari [SMTP:bhandari-AT-phoenix.princeton.edu]
Sent:	Friday, October 24, 1997 6:18 AM

 Now it would be nonsensical to claim that Marx didn't care one whit about
the distribution of income, though we should note immediately that Marx did
not embrace income redistribution out of a love of equality--Marx was a
celebrant of  inequality, that our greatest cultural accomplishments should
be given unequal reward so that they may flourish over mediocrity and
vulgarity and that our individual differences should be allowed to flower,
that genius should be given every opportunity to flourish, while those who
need special attention to gain access to humankind's wonderful
accomplishments should receive unequal attention as well.

[>]  The problem is due to Marx's limited understanding of the need for incentives to achieve work production even in a socialist society.

      There are many attractions in society, and it is the
nature of human beings to run after these attractions.
Communism exploited this human tendency by promising to give
equal wealth to all. But the mundane resources in the world
are limited, so is it possible to provide equal wealth to
all? No, and the attempt to do so is nothing but a dazzling
ostentation. Now communism has met its end. Communism was
nothing but a bogus "ism" -- a mere ostenta tion of verbose
language and nothing else. 

Rather than trying to give equal
wealth to all, the proper ap proach is to ensure that
everyone is guaranteed the minimum requirements of life. As
the income of some people increases, the radius of their
minimum requirements should also increase. Just to bridge
the gap between the more affluent people and the common
people, we have to increase the minimum requirements of all.

PROUT also advocates that the maximum amenities should be
provid ed to especially qualified or gifted persons to
enable them to render greater service to society. This
should be done by setting aside some wealth for those with
special capabilities, but the provision of the maximum
amenities should not go against the common interest. This
relationship between minimum requirements and maximum
amenities has already been clearly explained in PROUT.

However, something more can be added. Besides increasing the
maximum amenities of gifted people, we also have to increase
the maximum amenities available to common people. Especially
quali fied persons will earn more than the common people and
this earning will include their maximum amenities. But the
ordinary public should not be deprived of maximum amenities,
so there should be efforts to give them as much of the
maximum amenities as possible. 

There will still be a gap
between the maximum ameni ties of the common people and the
maximum amenities of the espe cially qualified persons, but
there should be constant efforts to reduce this gap. For
example, students should get their minimum requirements of
life, but together with this they may also get free lunches
and free snacks. Similarly, while first class pas sengers
already get special facilities, ordinary passengers may also
get free tea or coffee. Thus, the common people should also
receive more and more amenities. If maximum amenities are
not provided to common people, no doubt there will be
progress in society, but there will always remain the scope
for imperfection in future. 

What constitutes both the
minimum requirements and the maximum amenities should be
ever increasing. This idea is a new appendix to PROUT. If
the maximum amenities for talented people become excessively
high, then the minimum requirements of the common people
should be immediately increased. For example, if a person
with special capabilities has a motor bike and an ordinary
person has a bicy cle, there is a balanced adjustment. But
if the person with special capabilities has a car, then we
should immediately try to provide the common people with
motor bikes. There is a proverb which refers to plain living
and high thinking, but what is plain living? 

Plain living 80
years ago was not the same as it is today, so plain
living changes from age to age. The standard of value also
varies from age to age. Thus, both the minimum re quirements
and the maximum amenities will vary from age to age, and
both will be ever increasing. If this were not so, there
would be no economic progress in society. So, our approach
should be to provide the minimum requirements of the age to
all, the maximum amenities of the age to those with special
capabilities according to the social value of their
production, as well as the maximum amenities of the age to
the common people. 

The minimum requirements of the age as
per their money value plus the maximum amenities of the age
as per their money value are to be fixed, refixed and fixed
and refixed again and so on. In this way you must elevate
the standard of the people -- you must go on elevating their
standard of living. 

The Amenities of Life 

The
amenities of life are those things which make life easy. The
word "amenity" comes from the old Latin word "amenus"
which means "to fulfill the desire" or "to make the position
easy." Amenities mean physical and psychic longings.
Whatever will satisfy the physical and psychic longings of
the people will be the amenities of the age. Common people
should be favoured with maximum amenities. For example,
previously people used to dig a well to get drinking water,
and then they carried the drinking water to their houses.
Later water tanks were construct ed, and now drinking water
comes through pipes. In this way the amenities of life have
increased and life has become easier. Though the aim is to
get water, the system of getting it has become more
effortless and more convenient. 

Take another example.
Suppose school children receive the minimum requirements of
life. If they are provided with free snacks, this amenity
will be over and above the minimum requirements. Again, in
most trains there are first and second class compartments.
If free tea or coffee is given to the passengers in the
second class compartments, it will be considered an amenity.
More and more amenities will have to be provided to the
common people with the progress of society. This process
will generate the impetus to collect and utilise more and
more resources, and the proper utilisation of the collective
resources will elevate the standard of living of both the
common mass and the talented people. 

As the need for the
minimum requirements is fulfilled and the supply of the
maximum amenities increases, the struggle for daily
subsistence will gradually decrease and peoples' lives will
become increasingly easy and enjoyable. For this reason
PROUT guarantees the minimum requirements and the maximum
amenities to all. 

 The progressive availability of the
maximum amenities of life will be guaranteed in PROUT,
satisfying physical needs. The satisfied physical needs will
lessen the physical obstacles which inhibit human progress
and human beings will experience all-round development,
especially in the intellectual stratum. Human beings will
get the opportunity to develop in the intellectual stratum
without any hindrances. The truth of humanity, the veracity
of humanity, will go on increasing in different areas of
expression. That is why there must be guaranteed
minimum requirements and guaranteed maximum amenities for
all human beings, and that these must go on increasing.
These amenities must be good for the physical and psychic
development of human beings, or at least for one of these two. 

There cannot be any
stop in the march of human progress. And not only in human
progress, but in the physical and psychic worlds also.
Geo-sentiment will die out; socio-sentiment will disappear;
socioeconomic sentiment will be eradicated. Finally a day
will come when sentient sentiment will dominate. A day will
come when human beings will get the maximum amenities, then
human beings will reach the zenith point. But is the provi
sion of maximum amenities the zenith point of service? It
may be looked upon as the zenith point, but because
circumstances change, maximum amenities change. 

The
provision of maximum ameni ties should be treated as a
relative zenith point and not the supreme zenith point. So
maximum amenities of life under the concerning conditions
should be guaranteed and they should go on increasing. We
should communicate this idea to the masses and encourage
them to help us in our noble mission. 
PR Sarkar


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------ =_NextPart_000_01BCE0DB.96DDA8E0--



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